Many people today no longer accept their own gender role. In the last decades, women do not want to behave as women, they see their femininity as a burden, and men do not take on the responsibilities that come with being a man.
Of course, a masculine female-feminine male set-up can also work. The confusion arises when
- one party no longer behaves according to the stereotypes and expectations of his or her own gender in a situation in which the other party has already become accustomed to doing so
- one party changes, taking on the behaviour of their own gender
- a manly man appears, with whom she has an affair - or vice versa.
Vilmos Szilágyi, whom I admire and deeply respect, writes about it:
We are born into one of two sexes at birth, and most children acquire a sense of certainty about whether they are a boy or a girl. While our gender status is genetically determined, i.e. we are born with either XX or XY sex chromosomes, our psychological and sociological role as a gender is developed over a long process.
The child identifies with his biological sex through interactions, and the corresponding psychological role is built on this. Gender role is therefore a product of culture. Every culture colours the biological difference between men and women with a multitude of customs, beliefs and rigid norms that permeate almost every area of human activity (Zs. Bede). In this way, they begin to learn their own gender role. According to H. Dannhauer (1973), gender identification is also linked to the adoption of gender stereotypes. The child thus identifies not only with his/her biological sex but also with the gender role intended for him/her. As soon as the child understands that he or she will grow up to be like the adult of the same sex, he or she will involuntarily follow the example of the adult(s) of the same sex who are important to him or her. But in the process, they also observe the opposite sex and develop, from an early age, a positive or negative, evaluative relationship with their own and the opposite sex. But belonging to a particular gender can also lead to conflict. There are three main factors that can make gender role-taking difficult:
1. When in conflict with people of the same sex (e.g. same-sex parent) who are important to them.
2. If you cannot accept the behaviour of your peer group.
3. If identification is to be accompanied by social devaluation.
Gender identity can therefore be superficial, partial or temporary, and gender roles are not necessarily permanent and ambivalence-free. Expectations of masculine or feminine gender roles are historically variable and socioculturally relative. There are many ways to deviate from the generally or more or less accepted gender role norms in a given society. There may be both external, objective reasons for this and internal, subjective reasons. Deviations occur at approximately 3 levels. At the lowest level there are "masculine women" and "feminine men". At the second level, for example, transvestites. The essence of transvestism is a repetitive need to wear the clothes of the other sex and to appear to belong to them by adopting the other sex's hairstyle, body ornaments and mannerisms, while knowing full well that this is only an appearance. The transvestite enjoys this appearance. In principle, it can happen to both sexes, but there are disproportionately more male transvestites; they like women's clothes as well as women's, so they are mostly heterosexual in orientation. The third tier is transsexuals. The term transsexualism refers to men and women who, despite their clear biological sex, feel that they belong to the opposite sex and consider their physical sex to be a fatal flaw.
The term was first used by Harry Benjamin (1953), and later another typology distinguished between primary and secondary transsexualism - according to whether it was manifested from early childhood or developed gradually later. Parental treatment may play a decisive role in its causes; e.g, if a child is dressed and raised according to the opposite sex (perhaps because it is expected to be the opposite sex) rather than the biological sex, and behaviour of the opposite sex is rewarded, then it may become identified with the opposite sex (and once this has been acquired over a period of years - the first 5-6 years - it is difficult to revert) (Szilágyi, 2005). There is also disagreement about which and to what extent they can be considered a disease and whether there is a biological cause. Even among those who disagree with gender role norms, there is no consensus on the causes; many see it not as a disease, but rather as a constructive rebellion against rigid and repressive expectations (Szilágyi, 2005).
The erotic interest in the male or female body, the desire to have sexual intercourse with men or women is called the sexual orientation, orientation, orientation of the individual. It would be a mistake to think of this as an "either-or" question; sexological studies have established that there are differences in degree. While the majority of adults are largely heterosexually oriented, there are also many more or less bisexuals who are able to achieve some degree of sexual pleasure and satisfaction with both sexes. The percentage of those with an exclusively homosexual orientation is also a single figure (i.e. less than 10%). It takes a relative stability of personality to be able to give oneself over to the shared sexual experience, to be able to tolerate the intimate tension of close intimacy. The sign of basic personality health is a partner-oriented, flexible, person-pleasing sexuality. All forms of behaviour can be healthy if they are consensual with the partner and do not conflict with the norms of society (Buda, 1994).
